{"id":904,"date":"2021-02-23T09:32:19","date_gmt":"2021-02-23T08:32:19","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.wildgardenschool.eu\/?p=904"},"modified":"2021-02-23T09:47:49","modified_gmt":"2021-02-23T08:47:49","slug":"gli-insetti-fitofagi","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.wildgardenschool.eu\/ro\/insecte-fitofage\/","title":{"rendered":"Insecte fitofage"},"content":{"rendered":"
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Prin controlul biologic, se \u00eencearc\u0103 controlul \u0219i oprirea ac\u021biunii insectelor d\u0103un\u0103toare asupra plantelor cultivate, gra\u021bie prezen\u021bei unor alia\u021bi precum buburuzele, urechelni\u021bele, crisopele \u0219i altele. Ace\u0219tia din urm\u0103 sunt adversarii lor naturali, principalii lor pr\u0103d\u0103tori.\nA\u021bi \u00eent\u00e2lnit deja principalele insecte utile care v\u0103 viziteaz\u0103 gr\u0103dina s\u0103lbatic\u0103, acum afl\u0103m \u00eempotriva cui pot \u201elupta\u201d.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Care sunt insectele fitofage?<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Se hr\u0103nesc cu l\u0103comie din \u021besuturile plantelor, inclusiv frunze, tulpini \u0219i r\u0103d\u0103cini, cauz\u00e2nd deseori daune plantelor cultivate pe gazon \u0219i \u00een gr\u0103dina de legume.\nIat\u0103 dou\u0103 dintre cele mai cunoscute:<\/p>\n\n\n\n

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Afidele<\/strong><\/strong><\/strong><\/h4>\n<\/div>\n\n\n\n
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Cu siguran\u021b\u0103 c\u0103 le-a\u021bi v\u0103zut deja, sunt a\u0219a-numi\u021bii \u201ep\u0103duchi de plante\u201d. Cum se hr\u0103nesc? Ace\u0219tia sug \u0219i absorb limfa organelor verzi ale plantelor cu aparatul lor bucal de \u00een\u021bepat \u0219i supt.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Exist\u0103 multe specii (toate mici) de la 1 la 4 mm lungime; culoarea poate varia de la verde la negru, de la gri la ro\u0219iatic. \u00cen scurt timp, creeaz\u0103 nenum\u0103rate colonii.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Excesul de limf\u0103 este expulzat sub form\u0103 de miere, o substan\u021b\u0103 zaharoas\u0103 care este o surs\u0103 de hran\u0103 pentru mai multe insecte. Furnicile, \u00een special, practic \u201ecresc\u201d afide pentru a le exploata produc\u021bia de miere: le mut\u0103 de la o surs\u0103 de hran\u0103 la alta \u0219i le protejeaz\u0103 de pr\u0103d\u0103tori, practic, a\u0219a cum fac oamenii cu animalele lor.<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Cine se hr\u0103ne\u0219te cu afide \u00een gr\u0103dina s\u0103lbatic\u0103?<\/em> Buburuzele (at\u00e2t larvele, c\u00e2t \u0219i adul\u021bii), larvele de sirfide \u0219i crisope, urechelni\u021bele, mai multe p\u0103s\u0103ri insectivore, cum ar fi pi\u0163igoii, silvia cu cap negru, r\u00e2ndunelele.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div><\/div>\n<\/div>\n\n\n\n

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Co\u0219enilele<\/strong><\/strong><\/strong><\/strong><\/h4>\n<\/div>\n\n\n\n
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Echipate \u0219i acestea cu un aparat bucal de \u00een\u021bepat \u0219i supt, ele se hr\u0103nesc cu seva plantelor gazd\u0103, chiar dac\u0103 doar femela este cea care o face, deoarece masculul nu are un astfel de \u201eechipament\u201d al aparatului bucal. Co\u0219enilele au corpul moale, plat \u0219i oval; dac\u0103 sunt observate la microscop, aceste insecte arat\u0103 ca ni\u0219te scame ovale prezente pe frunzele plantei \u021bint\u0103.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Co\u0219enila adult\u0103 este practic imobil\u0103, produce substan\u021be ceroase care formeaz\u0103 un fel de scut, sub care \u00ee\u0219i g\u0103se\u0219te protec\u021bie.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Exist\u0103 viespi care \u00ee\u0219i depun ou\u0103le \u00een scutul ceros al unor specii de co\u0219enile. Larvele devin apoi parazi\u021bi ai insectei fitofage, ucig\u00e2ndu-o.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Cine se hr\u0103ne\u0219te cu co\u0219enile \u00een gr\u0103dina s\u0103lbatic\u0103? <\/em>F\u0103r\u0103 \u00eendoial\u0103 buburuza, at\u00e2t larva, c\u00e2t \u0219i adultul.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div><\/div>\n<\/div>\n\n\n\n

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Attraverso la lotta biologica si cerca di controllare e contenere l\u2019azione di quegli insetti dannosi per le piante coltivate, grazie alla presenza di insetti alleati, come coccinella, forbicina, crisopa, ecc. Quest\u2019ultimi sono antagonisti naturali dei primi, in quanto loro predatori. Avete gi\u00e0 avuto modo di conoscere i principali insetti utili, frequentatori del vostro wild garden; \t ><\/a><\/p>","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[144],"tags":[161],"class_list":["post-904","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-i-bug-hotel","tag-scheda"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.wildgardenschool.eu\/ro\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/904","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.wildgardenschool.eu\/ro\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.wildgardenschool.eu\/ro\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.wildgardenschool.eu\/ro\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.wildgardenschool.eu\/ro\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=904"}],"version-history":[{"count":4,"href":"https:\/\/www.wildgardenschool.eu\/ro\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/904\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":912,"href":"https:\/\/www.wildgardenschool.eu\/ro\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/904\/revisions\/912"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.wildgardenschool.eu\/ro\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=904"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.wildgardenschool.eu\/ro\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=904"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.wildgardenschool.eu\/ro\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=904"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}